Svetlana Monah, Aleksey Afanasev, Liliya Andrushkina, Evgeniy Shaposhnik
Improving the Energy Efficiency of Residential and Public Buildings
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Increase of energy efficiency of dwellings and public building, answering modern conceptual bases of creation of «healthy» and energy efficiency building («healthy» and power efficient building) is perspective due to the increase of efficiency of such expense engineering systems as system of ventilation. One of basic directions of increase of efficiency of vent systems are active recuperation of transmission stream of warmth and reduction of ventilation without the decline of level of comfort in an apartment. The analysis of these directions and methodology of calculation of their efficiency in-process is given.
Keywords: energy-saving ventilation systems, active recovery, fresh air, infiltration, microclimate, enclosing structure, economizing effect, porous insulation; air permeability, air layer, air quality, maximum permissible concentration.
Svetlana Monah, Aleksey Afanasev, Liliya Andrushkina, Evgeniy Shaposhnik
Improving the Efficiency of Autonomous Heat Supply Systems
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Events on the economy of fuel and energy resources in housing and communal services are one of priority directions of development of small energy. Introduction of thermal accumulators with hard heat-sink material with a porous matrix will allow to use secondary thermal resources, namely warmth of leaving gases for heating of apartments, and for the economy of fuel. The fundamental structural chart of thermal accumulator, introduction of that for a private house will allow to get the economy of natural gas no less than 15 % from an annual expense on heating of this object, offers authors.
Keywords: accumulators of warmth, hard heat-sink material (HНM), porous matrix, charging period, discharging period, non-stationary heat conductivity, cooling of cylinder of eventual length, fundamental structural chart of thermal accumulator, economic efficiency.
Mixail Pakter, Valeriy Bratchun, Olga Narygnaya, Aleksandr Stukalov, Vitaliy Bespalov
Study of the Colloid-Dispersed Structure of Road Bitumen under Thermal-Oxidative Aging
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The DSC method was used to study the changes of the colloid-dispersed structure of oil road bitumen BND 40/60 with its thermo-oxidative aging in a layer of thickness 2 mm. In the DSC study, two consecutive heating of the sample was used in order to identify irreversible changes. The same method studied the aging of oils, resins and asphaltenes, separated from the original and aged bitumen. In DSC research, bitumen aging is manifested by an increase in the endoeffect associated with the disordering of coagulation structures, an increase in the temperature of desolvation of asphaltenes and a rise in the heat capacity of the group chemical components of the organic binder. These changes lead to hardening of cohesive bonds and loss of road binding of binder properties.
Keywords: thermooxidative aging of road bitumen, colloid-dispersed structure of bitumen.
Evgen Gorokhov, Nickolay Sholukh, Volodymyr Vasilyev, Tamara Chernysheva, Alina Nad’iarna
Adaptation of Engineering and Transport Infrastructure of the City for the People with Limited Mobility Needs: Research and Experimental Design Development Scientists Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering And Architecture
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to scientific and experimental design developments of scientists of the Donbas National Academy of Construction and Architecture in the field of improving the convenience and safety of operation of the city’s engineering and transport infrastructure. The authors give a brief description of the history of the design, construction and subsequent operation of an overground pedestrian crossing across the Donetsk highway at the junction of Derzhavin Street in the Chervonogvardeysky district of Makeyevka. It focuses on the features of the selected constructive scheme of the above-ground transition, which made it possible to achieve the maximum reduction of the area and metal pillars with a very large size of the overlapped space, as well as to achieve an expressive compositional solutions, symbolizing the entrance to the industrial city. Morphological, functional and aerodynamic characteristics of the enclosing structures and elements used in the solutions of the central and two flank volumes of the overground crossing are analyzed. Based on the results of earlier theoretical research and operational experience built elevated pedestrian crossing, it is concluded that the experimental data’s design can be of considerable practical importance in ensuring the comfort and safety of movement of different categories of people, including people with disabilities. The proposed model of the above-ground transition device is characterized by a certain degree of universality and adaptability, which makes it possible to recommend for use in many complex and dangerous sections of the track, differing in the traffic and pedestrian traffic traffic.
Keywords: objects of engineering and transport infrastructure, limited mobility, comfort requirements and safe operation, experimental-design and development overhead crosswalk, functional and spatial organization of the object, the uniqueness and universality of the structural layout, elevator lifts and aids for the disabled, morphology and aerodynamics of enclosing structures and elements, features of composition-style solutions, social and economic efficiency.
Olga Peschanskaya, Daniil Suiarko
Analysis of Energy Efficiency of the Main Types of Architectural and Planning Solutions for Highrise Residential Buildings
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This article is devoted to the energy efficiency of the main types of architectural and planning solutions for multi-storey residential buildings, identifying the difficulties in choosing the optimal solution. Analyzed the main types of multi-storey residential buildings, the degree of energy efficiency taking into account such factors as the orientation of buildings, the level of insolation, the temperature regime, the rationality of using the useful area, and the economical construction. The positive and negative aspects of each type are presented in view of the high energy efficiency requirements and the peculiarities arising during the operation of the building. When comparing, the climatic conditions of the Donetsk region are taken into account, as well as the probability of having a complex relief. The problems of heat loss in the building are considered, depending on the placement of vertical and horizontal communications. The main conclusions and recommendations that should be adhered to when designing energy efficient buildings are outlined.
Keywords: architectural and planning solution, energy efficiency, energy-efficient multi-storey residential buildings, orientation, insolation, heat loss, horizontal communications, vertical communications, temperature conditions of the building.