Alexander Trinker
Climatic Problems of Construction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. Based on the material systematized by the author, the article discusses some of the problems associated with the impact of climatic factors (primarily temperature and humidity) that arose during the erection of a number of unique buildings and structures from monolithic reinforced concrete (Burj Khalif (UAE, chimneys of Ekibastuz (Kazakhstan) and Kirishi (RF) GRES). The main factors that reduce the operational reliability of the constructed facilities and proposed unique, at that time, technical solutions that contributed to the implementation of the original design solutions and ensured a high quality of work were considered.
Keywords: all-weather concrete, protective measures durability of concrete, climatic effects, quality.
Nickolay Sholukh, Alina Nad’iarna, Andrey Anisimov, Alla Borodina
Scientific and Practical Recommendations on the Organization of Natural Landmarks for the Blind in the Territories and Buildings of Socially Important Objects of the City
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the problem of facilitating the conditions of spatial orientation and movement of the blind in the territories and in the buildings of socially significant objects of the city. Based on the results previously performed by dendrological and experimental studies by the authors, a wide range of tree species, flowering shrubs, and urban ornamental and wild flowers are offered, which can be used as natural landmarks for the blind. In complex and unsafe areas of the main routes for the movement of the blind, it is proposed to purposefully provide for landscaping elements that have pronounced noise, tactile-morphological or aromatic characteristics. The principles of the design of the proposed natural landmarks are illustrated by examples of landscaping of various types of complex and unsafe road sections that may appear on the main routes of the blind movement (places where the pedestrian pathway joins the roadway, multifactor crossings of transport and pedestrian communications, small and significant elevations, before the flight of stairs and inclined descents, dangerous door opening zones, ostenting and hovering elements on the traffic line and others ). Attention is focused on the importance of identifying, preserving and subsequently multiplying the elements of gardening that can provide significant assistance to blind people in their spatial orientation and movement.
Keywords: persons with visual impairments, difficulties in spatial orientation and movement, complex and unsafe parts of the way, natural landmarks for the blind, landscaping elements with pronounced noise, tactile-morphological and aromatic characteristics, systematization and specification of plants with useful qualities, principles and techniques of the device natural landmarks, social and economic efficiency.
Yuliya Belonog, Igor Lobov
Use of Space Mine Roadway at Renovation of Sout-of-Service Mines
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. In the conditions of urban infrastructure development, there is a problem of integration of new objects into their structure, which require considerable space and safety and security. In the conditions of the Donetsk region, it is promising to use exhausted resources for the purposes of the coal industry enterprises located in the damaged areas. In this article, the use of mine workings for storing various materials, substances, and biomaterials in the process of mine renovation is considered. The effectiveness and necessity of using non-operating coal industry enterprises for renovation are substantiated. The scheme and sections of a typical mine field, copra, and crosscutting are given. The main problems and processes of renovation of mine workings for storage are considered. An analysis is made of mine workings and the main shaft structures and structures for their use in the renovation process to ensure the functioning of storage facilities.
Keywords: renovation, architectural appearance, demolition, storage facilities, mine development, mine head-frame, mine shaft, mine field, crosscut, mine support.
Timur Radionov, Sofia Andreeva
Formation of Architectural and Space Environments Complexes of Buildings of Medical Institutions under the Conditions of Reconstruction
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Abstract. This scientific article is devoted to the questions of formation of the architectural and spatial environment of the complexes of buildings of medical institutions that are undergoing reconstruction. The problems of non-compliance with modern requirements and world trends in the functioning of many domestic medical and preventive institutions, which are currently in high demand, are considered. Considering that starting from the 80s of XX century, the positive influence of the architectural environment of hospitals on the rate of recovery of patients was proved experimentally, referring to this established fact, the authors of the article consider the approaches to the formation of the environment of domestic medical institutions in the process of reconstruction with the aim of improving the architectural and operational characteristics of objects, and also taking into account the increase in their compositional and artistic expressiveness.
Keywords: formation, environments, reconstruction, medical institution, environment humanization, video ecology, energy efficiency.
Vitaly Veselov, Aleksandr Fedorov
Calculation Methods of Composite Beams Made of Steel and Concrete
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Abstract. The article considers a composite beam made of steel and concrete for span structures of bridges, analysis of the stress-strain state of a steel-concrete beam by various methods, incl. usage of the software system Structure CAD Office for structural analysis and design. It has been suggested to use a multi-span continuous beam consisting of a closed steel contour formed by two walls of curvilinear contour, upper and lower belts of the beam, with filling of the contour with concrete in a compressed section of the beam. Current Standards do not offer single-valued method of calculation of a composite beam made of steel and concrete of a closed contour of an arbitrary shape filled with concrete. Calculations of the a composite beam made of steel and concrete as elements of heterogeneous elasticity allows to calculate the stress values with minimal effort and small measurement error. Usage of the composite structures made of steel and concrete for spun structures of bridges allows to significantly reduce the local stresses in concrete and in steel shell, also it allows to increase the bending and torsional rigidity of the beam, significantly increase local sustainability of steel elements.
Keywords: bridge structures, composite beam made of steel and concrete, multi-span beam, stress-strain state, methods of calculation.
Sergey Vysotsky a, Sergey Gulko b
Features of Freezing Processes of Aqueous Solutions
a Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture,
b Dongiproshakht Institute
Abstract. The freezing processes of next salts solutions were studied: sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride and ion transfer of salts to ice. The concentrations of salts were determined by the conductometric method and by the titration of chloride and calcium ions. When desalination of waters of high mineralization by the method of freezing, one cycle of the bulk crystallization process does not ensure the production of fresh water by salinity less than 1 000 mg/dm3. An increase in the concentration of solutions of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride does not affect the distribution of salts between ice and brine, which indicates a loose structure of ice. Reducing the time of freezing leads to a slight increase in the degree of water desalination. The fraction of formed ice for the range of concentrations of initial solutions from 5 to 25 g/dm3 with identical freezing time is longer for solutions of sodium chloride and decreases successively for solutions of potassium chloride and calcium chloride.
Keywords: freezing, salt solutions, degree of distribution, degree of desalination.